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Thyroid Disorders

Thyroid hormone homeostasis is essential for normal growth and development. In an intricate negative feedback mechanism, thyroid hormone concentrations are maintained within relatively narrow limits to ensure optimal health. Disruption of the dynamics within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis can disrupt normal thyroid function.

Hypothyroidism is a state characterized by low levels of the thyroid hormones T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (tri-iodothyronine). Patient assessment, beginning with the measurement of TSH, is the best indicator of hypothyroidism1. Analysis of Anti-TPO antibodies contributes information towards the investigation of subclinical hypothyroidism2. The possible complications of untreated hypothyroidism include an increased risk of heart disease, pregnancy complications, infertility, depression and memory loss.

Siemens assays to test for hypothyroidism

TSH
Free T4
Free T3
Total T4
Total T3
Anti-TPO
Anti-Tg

Hyperthyroidism results from overproduction of the thyroid hormones T4 or T3. The endogenous condition occurs relatively infrequently, while exogenous hyperthyroidism states may be triggered by excess medication3. Excess thyroid hormones impact cardiac performance, the renal and skeletal systems, liver function, and the female reproductive system.


Siemens assays to test for hyperthyroidism

TSH
Free T4
Free T3
Total T4
Total T3
Anti-TPO
Anti-Tg

Graves’ Disease

Graves’ disease affects approximately 32 million people worldwide. As one of the most common forms of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of stimulating TSH receptor autoantibodies found in approximately 90 percent of Graves’ patients. TSH receptor autoantibodies mimic the activity of TSH, leading to an elevated production of thyroid hormone. Left untreated, Graves’ disease can lead to miscarriage, birth defects, thyroid eye disease, and can be life-threatening.

Siemens assays to test for Graves’ Disease

TSH
TSI
Free T4
Free T3
Total T4
Total T3
Anti-TPO
Anti-Tg

Siemens' comprehensive thyroid menu allows clinicians to diagnose, confirm and monitor a wide range of thyroid disorders.

Patient Assessment

A Patient Assessment Stratification for Thyroid Dysfunction

Click on the image to see the detailed diagram.

1
Klee GG and Hay ID. Biochemical Testing of Thyroid Function. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am.1997; 26: 763-775.
2
Sossein G, Tuttle RM, Baskin HJ, Fish LJ, Singer PA, and McDermott MT. Concensus Statement: Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction: A Joint Statement on Management from the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Thyroid Association, and the Endocrine Society. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005; 90(1): 581-585.
3
Canaris GI, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgeway BC. The Colorado Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 526-34

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