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Our Perfectly Attuned
CT Imaging Chain Empowering low-dose precision medicine for everyone, everywhere
The CT imaging chain is the heart of how CT images are generated. The pieces work together to give you high image quality at fast scan speeds while keeping dose low – invaluable for your daily work. That is why we have created an imaging chain in which all parts work cohesively. Working together, the CT imaging chain provides advantages in diagnostics and can help you speed up clinical workflows. Continue reading to learn about the benefits of each part and how they can help you in your daily work.
The CT imaging chain includes:
- Low kV imaging with high-power technology
- Spectral shaping with Tin Filter
- Low-noise detectors with our well-known Stellar technology and our new photon-counting QuantaMax detectors - completely free of electronic noise
- Spectral imaging for our whole portfolio
Low kV Imaging with high-power Technology
If you use low kV imaging and high-power technology, then you already know the key major benefit –
producing high quality images with enhanced low-contrast resolution, helping you reduce radiation and contrast media dose. The basis for low kV imaging is the mass attenuation coefficient, which depends on the chemical composition and density of a material. In the past, it was not possible to keep image quality constant at all kV levels, as the X-ray tubes were not powerful enough to produce sufficient tube current (mA) at low kV levels.
Today, however, all our CT scanners from the SOMATOM® and NAEOTOM® lines are equipped with X-ray tubes that are powerful enough to produce high mA at low kV.
This gives you the following added benefits:
- Low kV imaging is no longer limited to small-sized patients – that includes even challenging bariatric cases.
- The cost per examination is reduced without excluding kidney-impaired patients – with a solution that helps you minimize the need for contrast media.
- With technology like CARE kV and CARE keV, system automatically selects the tube voltage for multiple clinical applications across wide range of kV settings.
- For NAEOTOM system contrast enhancement can also be achieved at any kV levels through the use of monoenergetic keV levels.
These benefits are the reason that low kV imaging and high-power technology make up an essential part of our CT imaging chain. In combination with intelligent technology – like CARE kV – low-dose CT imaging has become easier for patients of all sizes, providing invaluable diagnostic information.
See the difference for yourself by checking out the clinical examples at the end of the page.
Spectral Shaping – Tin Filter Technology
Spectral shaping is available across our entire fleet of SOMATOM and NAEOTOM scanners. This is due to its high clinical value in the CT imaging chain:
- Tin Filter improves the spectrum for dedicated CT applications where medium energy photons are not of interest – in particular, non-enhanced examinations such as lung, sinus, or bone imaging.
- Spectral shaping with Tin Filter technology allows our scanners to achieve dose levels of around 1.0 mGy. This is comparable with that of conventional radiography – which is far below the required threshold in lung cancer screenings.
- Spectral shaping enables improved suppression of bone beam hardening, even on metal artifacts from implants or casts when using Tin Filter – all without increasing reconstruction time.
See specific examples of this interaction at the clinical images section at the end of the page.
High-resolution Imaging – Thin-slice Technology and Quantum HD
Thin-slice technology gives our CT imaging chain an extra edge by providing thin rows over the entire detector without collimating the selection. Acquiring these sub-mm slices does not compromise the detector coverage, scan speed, or time – providing you with optimal CT scan image processing. This process can be found in both of our CT imaging families: in scanners which use traditional energy integrating detectors like SOMATOM and NAEOTOM Alpha®, the world’s first photon-counting CT.
Our Stellar detector can be found in our SOMATOM fleet. It is state-of-the-art and a major player in our CT imaging chain when it comes to high-resolution. By combining photodiodes and ADCs in one ASIC, the Stellar detector has immediate benefits in traditional CT imaging:
- The Stellar detector uses approximately 70% less power and dissipates less heat than conventional detectors.
- It enables TrueSignal technology for a substantial reduction in electronic noise.
- It provides up to 3x more range than a conventional detector (up to 102 dB) thanks to HiDynamics for differentiating grey and white matter as well as lesion detection.
- It has an increased channel density of 17% for a finer sampling of small details – which is especially important for those bony structures thanks to thin-slice technology.
With NAEOTOM Alpha, the world’s first photon-counting CT scanner, CT images are processed quite differently. This technology signifies a quantum leap from conventional, energy-integrating CT detectors.
- By converting photons directly into electrical impulses — and bypassing the intermediate step of scintillation light — the septa used to avoid optical cross talk between neighboring pixels become redundant and are therefore removed. This optimizes the dose efficiency of the detector, especially in ultra-high resolution CT imaging.
- As photon-counting detectors measure electrical impulses instead of the light impulses created through scintillation, these detectors are able to clearly distinguish between signals created by X-ray photons-, and electronic noise — and subsequently eliminate the latter.
Compared to a high-end conventional CT scanner, the QuantaMax detector produces roughly ten times as much raw data with the same detector area. The result is highly detailed clinical images — with a slice thickness of as low as 0.2 mm, containing spectral results for every exam, free of electronic noise, and with higher contrast-to-noise ratio. This enables unprecedented clinical insights.
See specific examples at the clinical images section at the end of the page.
Spectral Imaging
Spectral imaging, or Dual Energy, is available throughout the entire portfolio of Siemens Healthineers CT scanners. It has a wide range of benefits that make up an integral part of our CT scan imaging chain:
- Produce image sets with two different X-ray spectra to characterize materials while highlighting abnormalities.
- Gain access to clinical information that goes beyond morphology to early detection of diseases that enable earlier treatment.
- Use it for a variety of different applications, such as assessing lung perfusion defects, differentiating brain hemorrhage, and more.
- Get Dual Energy images with the dose level of a single source acquisition performed with conventional 120 kV.
- For NAEOTOM system Quantum Spectral Imaging further supports clinical decision making by providing spectral results at a high level of detail, at any tube voltage and at full scan speed and temporal resolution.
Depending on the CT scanner you have, there are different methods of performing spectral imaging. The following video clips show you the inherent differences between them.
If your curiosity is still not sated, then be sure to take a look at the clinical images below.
Quantum Spectral Imaging
Available for Photon Counting CT (NAEOTOM® Alpha)
Dual Source Dual Energy CT
Available for Dual Source CT (SOMATOM® Drive and SOMATOM® Force)
TwinBeam Dual Energy CT
Available for SOMATOM® X.cite, SOMATOM® X.ceed and
SOMATOM® go.Top
TwinSpiral Dual Energy CT
Available for X.platform and SOMATOM® go.platform
Quantum Spectral Imaging
Available for Photon Counting CT (NAEOTOM® Alpha)
Dual Source Dual Energy CT
Available for Dual Source CT (SOMATOM® Drive and SOMATOM® Force)
TwinBeam Dual Energy CT
Available for SOMATOM® X.cite, SOMATOM® X.ceed and
SOMATOM® go.Top
TwinSpiral Dual Energy CT
Available for X.platform and SOMATOM® go.platform
Quantum Spectral Imaging
Available for Photon Counting CT (NAEOTOM® Alpha)
NAEOTOM Alpha redefines the way we know spectral imaging. The world’s first photon-counting CT is capable to count the charges created by individual X‐ray photons as well as measuring their energy level, therefore keeping intrinsic spectral sensitivity in every scan while maintaining the highest temporal resolution provided by its Dual Source technology.
See specific examples at the clinical images section at the end of the page.
Clinical case gallery
Combining dual-source speed and Quantum technology for pediatric imaging
NAEOTOM Alpha
90kVp | CTDIvol 0.31 mGy | Pitch 2.25
Occlusion of the abdominal aorta in an obese patient
Single-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan
SOMATOM go.Top
90 kV
CTDIvol: 15.21 mGy
• Low-kV imaging even in obese patients
Assessment of aortic aneurysm in overweight patient
Low-kV imaging for enhanced low-contrast resolution
SOMATOM X.ceed
90 kV
CTDIvol: 13.1 mGy
- Cinematic VRTs
- 1 mm MPRs
- Scan performed in an acute care setting with fixed shoulder left side
Turbo Flash scan catching the details in CTA
Right subclavian artery dissection
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: 80/80kV
CTDIvol: 2.20 mGy
- Turbo Flash Mode, with up to 737 mm/s, prevents breathing or motion artifacts. In combination with the VectronTM X-ray tube dose levels can be reduced to a minimum.
Follow-up scan of a 14-year-old child
Free-breathing CT with Turbo Flash mode
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: 80 kV
CTDIvol: 1.95 mGy
Combining dual-source speed and Quantum technology for pediatric imaging
NAEOTOM Alpha
90kVp | CTDIvol 0.31 mGy | Pitch 2.25
Occlusion of the abdominal aorta in an obese patient
Single-phase contrast-enhanced CT scan
SOMATOM go.Top
90 kV
CTDIvol: 15.21 mGy
• Low-kV imaging even in obese patients
Assessment of aortic aneurysm in overweight patient
Low-kV imaging for enhanced low-contrast resolution
SOMATOM X.ceed
90 kV
CTDIvol: 13.1 mGy
- Cinematic VRTs
- 1 mm MPRs
- Scan performed in an acute care setting with fixed shoulder left side
Turbo Flash scan catching the details in CTA
Right subclavian artery dissection
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: 80/80kV
CTDIvol: 2.20 mGy
- Turbo Flash Mode, with up to 737 mm/s, prevents breathing or motion artifacts. In combination with the VectronTM X-ray tube dose levels can be reduced to a minimum.
Follow-up scan of a 14-year-old child
Free-breathing CT with Turbo Flash mode
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: 80 kV
CTDIvol: 1.95 mGy
Combining dual-source speed and Quantum technology for pediatric imaging
NAEOTOM Alpha
90kVp | CTDIvol 0.31 mGy | Pitch 2.25
Orthopedic Imaging
02Neuro Imaging
01Lung Imaging
03General Imaging
013D evaluation of the teeth and jaw
Native Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn110 kV
CTDIvol: 3.78 mGy
- Whole jaw and panoramic views with syngo.CT Dental
- Minimal dose levels thanks to Tin Filter
Follow-up after fusion and fixation in an obese patient
Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn140 kV
CTDIvol: 15.75 mGy
- High-kV Tin Filter scanning surpresses metal artefact efficiently
Examination of multiple tibia fractures Powerful metal artifact suppression using Tin Filter
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn130 kV
CTDIvol: 8.33 mGy
- Combination of high kV and Tin Filter scanning for powerful metal artefact surpression
Ultra high-resolution Inner Ear without dose penalties thanks to Tin Filter
SOMATOM X.ceed
Sn 130 kV
CTDIvol: 24 mGy
- Cinematic VRT
- 0.4 mm MPR
- 1024 Matrix
Status after lung biopsy
Low-dose non-contrast Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn 110 kV
CTDIvol: 0.45 mGy
- Low-dose non-contrast lung scan with Tin Filter, available at many kV levels
- Tin Filter topogram for further dose savings (DLP 0.07 mGy cm)
Low-dose lung scan of a 14-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis
Precise diagnosis supported for monitoring of chronic disease
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: Sn100 kV
CTDIvol: 0.28 mGy
- Precise diagnosis supported with ultra-low dose at highest image quality for monitoring of chronic diseases.
Low-radiation lung screening with Turbo Flash mode
NAEOTOM Alpha
Sn100kVp | CTDIvol 0.55 mGy
3D evaluation of the teeth and jaw
Native Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn110 kV
CTDIvol: 3.78 mGy
- Whole jaw and panoramic views with syngo.CT Dental
- Minimal dose levels thanks to Tin Filter
Follow-up after fusion and fixation in an obese patient
Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn140 kV
CTDIvol: 15.75 mGy
- High-kV Tin Filter scanning surpresses metal artefact efficiently
Examination of multiple tibia fractures Powerful metal artifact suppression using Tin Filter
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn130 kV
CTDIvol: 8.33 mGy
- Combination of high kV and Tin Filter scanning for powerful metal artefact surpression
Ultra high-resolution Inner Ear without dose penalties thanks to Tin Filter
SOMATOM X.ceed
Sn 130 kV
CTDIvol: 24 mGy
- Cinematic VRT
- 0.4 mm MPR
- 1024 Matrix
Status after lung biopsy
Low-dose non-contrast Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn 110 kV
CTDIvol: 0.45 mGy
- Low-dose non-contrast lung scan with Tin Filter, available at many kV levels
- Tin Filter topogram for further dose savings (DLP 0.07 mGy cm)
Low-dose lung scan of a 14-year-old boy with cystic fibrosis
Precise diagnosis supported for monitoring of chronic disease
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: Sn100 kV
CTDIvol: 0.28 mGy
- Precise diagnosis supported with ultra-low dose at highest image quality for monitoring of chronic diseases.
Low-radiation lung screening with Turbo Flash mode
NAEOTOM Alpha
Sn100kVp | CTDIvol 0.55 mGy
3D evaluation of the teeth and jaw
Native Tin Filter scan
SOMATOM go.Top
Sn110 kV
CTDIvol: 3.78 mGy
- Whole jaw and panoramic views with syngo.CT Dental
- Minimal dose levels thanks to Tin Filter
Lung Imaging
03Neuro Imaging
01Body Imaging
03Foot fracture evaluation with ultra-high resolution
NAEOTOM Alpha
CTDIvol 6.07 mGy
Two-step thorax and abdomen imaging with i.v. contrast media application (1/2)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters: 130 kV
CTDIvol: 3.1 mGy
- Multiple infiltrates and lesions with cavities clearly visualized
Two-step thorax and abdomen imaging with i.v. contrast media application (2/2)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters: 130 kV
CTDIvol: 3.1 mGy
- Multiple infiltrates and lesions
- High resolution data in routine for volume scanning
Lung evaluation in an obese patient and single arm down
SOMATOM X.ceed
90 kV
CTDIvol: 6.11 mGy
- Cinematic VRT
- 0.8 mm MPR
- Scan performed in an acute care setting with arm down
High-resolution inner ear scan and no dose penalties with Tin Filter
SOMATOM X.cite
Sn 130 kV
CTDIvol: 25.48 mGy
- 0.6 mm MPR reconstructions
- Small focal spot of 0.6 x 0.7 (IEC)
- Z-sharp provides 0.3 mm spatial resolution in z-direction independent of scan speed
Evaluation of the aorta (1/2)
Single-phase CTA
SOMATOM X.cite
120 kV
CTDIvol: 11.9 mGy
- 0.8 mm MPRs
- Curved MPR
- Cinematic VRT
Evaluation of the aorta (2/2)
Single-phase CTA
SOMATOM X.cite
120 kV
CTDIvol: 11.9 mGy
- MIPs
- Cinematic VRT
Abdominal imaging with i.v. and rectal contrast media application (1/3)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters:130 kV
CTDIvol: 7.95 mGy
- Dose efficiency enabled by Stellar detector technology
- Evaluation of bowel, e.g. rule-out of perforation
Abdominal imaging with i.v. and rectal contrast media application (2/3)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters:130 kV
CTDIvol: 7.95 mGy
- Fine visualization even of small bony structures in routine scanning
- Automatic MPR orientation thanks to Recon&GO
Abdominal imaging with i.v. and rectal contrast media application (3/3)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters:130 kV
CTDIvol: 7.95 mGy
- High resolution data in routine for volume scanning
Foot fracture evaluation with ultra-high resolution
NAEOTOM Alpha
CTDIvol 6.07 mGy
Two-step thorax and abdomen imaging with i.v. contrast media application (1/2)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters: 130 kV
CTDIvol: 3.1 mGy
- Multiple infiltrates and lesions with cavities clearly visualized
Two-step thorax and abdomen imaging with i.v. contrast media application (2/2)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters: 130 kV
CTDIvol: 3.1 mGy
- Multiple infiltrates and lesions
- High resolution data in routine for volume scanning
Lung evaluation in an obese patient and single arm down
SOMATOM X.ceed
90 kV
CTDIvol: 6.11 mGy
- Cinematic VRT
- 0.8 mm MPR
- Scan performed in an acute care setting with arm down
High-resolution inner ear scan and no dose penalties with Tin Filter
SOMATOM X.cite
Sn 130 kV
CTDIvol: 25.48 mGy
- 0.6 mm MPR reconstructions
- Small focal spot of 0.6 x 0.7 (IEC)
- Z-sharp provides 0.3 mm spatial resolution in z-direction independent of scan speed
Evaluation of the aorta (1/2)
Single-phase CTA
SOMATOM X.cite
120 kV
CTDIvol: 11.9 mGy
- 0.8 mm MPRs
- Curved MPR
- Cinematic VRT
Evaluation of the aorta (2/2)
Single-phase CTA
SOMATOM X.cite
120 kV
CTDIvol: 11.9 mGy
- MIPs
- Cinematic VRT
Abdominal imaging with i.v. and rectal contrast media application (1/3)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters:130 kV
CTDIvol: 7.95 mGy
- Dose efficiency enabled by Stellar detector technology
- Evaluation of bowel, e.g. rule-out of perforation
Abdominal imaging with i.v. and rectal contrast media application (2/3)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters:130 kV
CTDIvol: 7.95 mGy
- Fine visualization even of small bony structures in routine scanning
- Automatic MPR orientation thanks to Recon&GO
Abdominal imaging with i.v. and rectal contrast media application (3/3)
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters:130 kV
CTDIvol: 7.95 mGy
- High resolution data in routine for volume scanning
Foot fracture evaluation with ultra-high resolution
NAEOTOM Alpha
CTDIvol 6.07 mGy
Lung Imaging
01Orthopedic Imaging
02Body Imaging
02Inherent spectral information used for PURE Lumen
evaluation of calcified plaque
NAEOTOM Alpha
- 140kVp | CTDIvol 16.4 mGy
- Pure Lumen (Vascular Calcium Removal (VCR)) can be used to measure vessel (e.g. coronary) stenoses by removing the contributions of calcium from images, based on a phantom evaluation (Allmendinger T. et al., 2022, Investigative Radiology).
Imaging of severity of the acute pulmonary embolism
NAEOTOM Alpha
120 kVp
CTDIvol: 3.74 mGy
Assessment of gout with spectral imaging TwinSpiral Dual Energy
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters: 110
CTDIvol: 6.45 mGy
- New workflow concept of two scans integrated into one single acquisition
- Powerful spectral separation thanks to the Tin Filter
- Recon&GO DE and syngo.CT DE applications offer you a comprehensive assessment directly at the scanner
Evaluation of bone marrow edema with spectral imaging
TwinSpiral Dual Energy
SOMATOM go.Top
100 / Sn140 kV
CTDIvol: 6.84 mGy
- Excellent spectral separation thanks to Tin Filter enables imaging of the bone marrow
- Zero-click postprocessing with inline results in Recon&GO
Spectral assessment of the liver with TwinBeam Dual Energy
SOMATOM X.cite
AuSn 120 kV
(Arterial / Portal-Venous)
CTDIvol: 5.8 / 6.8 mGy
- 2 mm MPR
- Reconstructions based on SPP format (Spectral Post-processing) to reduce complexity and storage needs
Precise DE tissue differentiation
Suspicious lesion in the liver
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: 80/Sn150kV
CTDIvol: 4.58 mGy
Inherent spectral information used for PURE Lumen
evaluation of calcified plaque
NAEOTOM Alpha
- 140kVp | CTDIvol 16.4 mGy
- Pure Lumen (Vascular Calcium Removal (VCR)) can be used to measure vessel (e.g. coronary) stenoses by removing the contributions of calcium from images, based on a phantom evaluation (Allmendinger T. et al., 2022, Investigative Radiology).
Imaging of severity of the acute pulmonary embolism
NAEOTOM Alpha
120 kVp
CTDIvol: 3.74 mGy
Assessment of gout with spectral imaging TwinSpiral Dual Energy
SOMATOM go.Up
Scan parameters: 110
CTDIvol: 6.45 mGy
- New workflow concept of two scans integrated into one single acquisition
- Powerful spectral separation thanks to the Tin Filter
- Recon&GO DE and syngo.CT DE applications offer you a comprehensive assessment directly at the scanner
Evaluation of bone marrow edema with spectral imaging
TwinSpiral Dual Energy
SOMATOM go.Top
100 / Sn140 kV
CTDIvol: 6.84 mGy
- Excellent spectral separation thanks to Tin Filter enables imaging of the bone marrow
- Zero-click postprocessing with inline results in Recon&GO
Spectral assessment of the liver with TwinBeam Dual Energy
SOMATOM X.cite
AuSn 120 kV
(Arterial / Portal-Venous)
CTDIvol: 5.8 / 6.8 mGy
- 2 mm MPR
- Reconstructions based on SPP format (Spectral Post-processing) to reduce complexity and storage needs
Precise DE tissue differentiation
Suspicious lesion in the liver
SOMATOM Force
Tube setting: 80/Sn150kV
CTDIvol: 4.58 mGy
Inherent spectral information used for PURE Lumen
evaluation of calcified plaque
NAEOTOM Alpha
- 140kVp | CTDIvol 16.4 mGy
- Pure Lumen (Vascular Calcium Removal (VCR)) can be used to measure vessel (e.g. coronary) stenoses by removing the contributions of calcium from images, based on a phantom evaluation (Allmendinger T. et al., 2022, Investigative Radiology).