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Auf dem diesjährigen Kongress der Radiologischen Gesellschaft Nordamerikas (RSNA) in Chicago, USA, präsentiert sich das separat geführte Healthcare-Geschäft der Siemens AG erstmals mit dem neuen Markennamen Siemens Healthineers. Der neue Name unterstreicht den Pioniergeist und das Ingenieurwissen des Unternehmens in der Gesundheitsindustrie. Ziel der neuen strategischen Ausrichtung von Siemens Healthineers ist es, Gesundheitsversorger weltweit dabei zu unterstützen, aktuelle Herausforderungen zu meistern und sich in ihrem jeweiligen Geschäftsumfeld weiterzuentwickeln. Durch Produkte und Lösungen, die die Effizienz steigern und die Kosten senken, setzt Siemens Healthineers unter dem Motto "Engineering Success. Pioneering Healthcare. Together." gemeinsam mit seinen Kunden neue Trends im Gesundheitswesen.
Siemens Healthineers zeigt auf dem RSNA 2016 eine bahnbrechende Software-Technologie, die eine wesentliche Limitierung der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) überwindet: die teils langen Messzeiten, die insbesondere bei der Aufnahme bewegter Organe eine große Herausforderung darstellen. Mit Compressed Sensing lassen sich MRT-Scans nun in einem Bruchteil der bisherigen Untersuchungszeit durchführen. Eine Cardiac-Cine-Aufnahme des Herzens erfolgt – statt in bislang knapp sechs Minuten – mit Hilfe der neuen Applikation Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine innerhalb von nur noch 25 Sekunden1. Möglich macht dies ein innovativer Algorithmus, der die aufzunehmende Datenmenge drastisch reduziert und die Bildakquisition damit extrem beschleunigt. Dies erlaubt eine deutlich stärkere Auslastung der MRT-Scanner und die Erschließung neuer Patientengruppen. Siemens Healthineers leistet auf diese Weise einen wichtigen Beitrag, die Wettbewerbssituation und die wirtschaftliche Lage der Gesundheitsanbieter trotz wachsenden Kostendrucks zu verbessern.
"Mit Compressed Sensing werden Scan-Geschwindigkeiten möglich, die bisher undenkbar waren", sagt Dr. Christoph Zindel, Geschäftsführer Magnetresonanztomographie bei Siemens Healthineers. "In enger Zusammenarbeit mit unseren Kollaborationspartnern konnten wir bei dieser Technologie wahre Pionierarbeit leisten. Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine ist dabei nur der erste Schritt; zusammen mit unseren Partnern arbeiten wir bereits daran, die Technologie auszuweiten und zusätzliche Applikationen auf den Markt zu bringen", so Zindel.
Besonders aufgrund ihres unerreichten Gewebekontrasts, der umfassenden und noch dazu strahlungsfreien Darstellung von Morphologie und Funktion und der Möglichkeit für die Ärzte, hohe Diagnosesicherheit zu erlangen, ist die MRT aus der radiologischen Bildgebung nicht mehr wegzudenken. Bei kardiologischen Fragestellungen gilt sie als Goldstandard zur Bestimmung der Herzfunktion. Dennoch hat diese Methode gerade bei bewegten Organen auch einen entscheidenden Nachteil: bei einigen Untersuchungen limitieren die längeren Messzeiten ihre Anwendung. Die Untersuchungsgeschwindigkeit weiter zu erhöhen, ist für die MRT daher von ganz besonderer Bedeutung. Und genau hier setzt Compressed Sensing an.
Nur die wesentlichen Datenpunkte werden akquiriert
Um dem Radiologen klinische Bilder in Befundqualität vorlegen zu können, genügt dank der neuen Technologie die Akquisition von weniger Datenpunkten. Daraus werden anschließend mit Hilfe iterativer Rekonstruktionsverfahren hochaufgelöste Bilder in befundbarer Qualität rekonstruiert – ohne dass dabei Bildinformationen verloren gehen.
Bei Herzaufnahmen spielt die Applikation Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine die Vorteile des Algorithmus aus: Statt zehn bis 14 mal den Atem anhalten zu müssen, was durch Regenerationspausen während des Scans knapp sechs Minuten dauern kann, können die Patienten nun bei einer Scan-Dauer von etwa 25 Sekunden frei weiteratmen. Lediglich zur genauen Einschätzung quantitativer Informationen, etwa der Auswurffraktion, ist ein einmaliges Atemanhalten notwendig. Bewegungsartefakte durch Atmung und Herzschlag werden so effektiv vermieden. Dies kommt insbesondere alten und schwer kranken Patienten entgegen, denen es kaum möglich ist, während der Untersuchung den Atem anzuhalten.
MR-Bildgebung für Patienten mit Herzrhythmusstörungen
Aufgrund der hohen Geschwindigkeit von Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine wird die Herz-MRT erstmals für ganz neue Patientengruppen zugänglich, etwa für Menschen mit Herzrhythmusstörungen (Arrhythmien), für die ein Herz-MRT-Scan bislang häufig nicht infrage kam, weil die Bilder keine Befundqualität aufwiesen. Mit der neuen Applikation ist dies anders, wie Anwender bestätigen: "Da 38 Prozent meiner Patienten an Arrhythmien leiden, zehn Prozent davon an Vorhofflimmern, nutze ich Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine häufig", sagt Dr. Christoph Tillmans vom Diagnostikum Berlin. "Bei Patienten mit Verdacht auf eine konstruktive Perikarditis, bei denen ich die Bewegung der Herzscheidewand unter freier Atmung darstellen möchte, bietet Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine diagnostische Bildqualität", betont er.
Dank adaptiven Triggerns lässt sich nun mit nur einem Atemanhalten der gesamte Herzzyklus in Echtzeit aufzeichnen – einschließlich der diagnostischen Informationen über die späte diastolische Phase. Wie wissenschaftliche Studien belegen, bietet Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine zudem eine exzellente Darstellung und Quantifizierung der Funktion der linken Herzkammer.
Am Beispiel eines Ein-Kammer-Herzens – einer angeborenen Fehlbildung – zieht Dr. François Pontana vom Universitätsklinikum im französischen Lille folgendes Fazit: "Der wichtigste Vorteil von Compressed Sensing Cardiac Cine ist, dass wir die vollständige Kontraktion der Herzkammer, von Volumen und Ejektionsfraktion unter nur einmaligem Atemanhalten darstellen können. Dies ist in diesem Fall besonders hilfreich, da die Patienten ihren Atem nicht so leicht anhalten können. Für die Überwachung des Patienten während der Behandlung ist das allerdings von entscheidender Bedeutung und klinisch relevant."
Der von Siemens-Experten entwickelte Algorithmus, auf dem Compressed Sensing basiert, konnte sich im Jahr 2014 im Wettbewerb für dynamische Bildgebung der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Magnetresonanz in der Medizin (International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/ISMRM) durchsetzen. Gemeinsam mit seinen wissenschaftlichen Kollaborationspartnern hat Siemens Healthineers den Algorithmus weiterentwickelt und zur Produktreife gebracht. Ausgewählte Kunden weltweit nutzen bereits seit mehreren Jahren ein sogenanntes Work-in-Progress-(WIP)-Paket, ein Bildgebungspaket für die Forschungsanwendung. Auch die nun vorgestellte Produktversion der Compressed-Sensing-Technologie wurde an mehreren klinischen Instituten validiert, zahlreiche Studien belegen die Vorteile der Methode.
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Sudarski et. al., Radiology. 2016 Jul 11:151002.
Die hier genannten Produkte/Funktionen sind in einigen Ländern noch nicht käuflich zu erwerben. Aufgrund von medizinproduktrechtlichen Vorgaben kann die zukünftige Verfügbarkeit nicht zugesagt werden. Detaillierte Informationen sind bei der jeweiligen Siemens Healthineers Organisation vor Ort erhältlich.
Die hierin enthaltenen Aussagen basieren auf Ergebnissen, die von Siemens Healthineers Kunden in deren jeweiligem spezifischem Nutzungsumfeld erzielt wurden. Es ist zu beachten, dass es kein "typisches" Krankenhaus gibt und die Resultate von verschiedenen Variablen abhängen (wie z.B. der Größe des Krankenhauses, des Behandlungsspektrums, des Grads der IT-Integration). Aus diesem Grunde ist nicht gewährleistet, dass andere Kunden dieselben Ergebnisse erzielen werden.